The Dangers of Road Life - 1421 Words

People think teenagers are the only horrid drivers. What they don’t think about is that there’s an age group of drivers who are far worse than teenagers. Statistics show that people over the age of seventy cause more accidents and are in more accidents than teenage drivers. In 2008, more than 5,500 elders were killed in car accidents, and more than 183,00 were injured in car accidents(Older Adult Drivers). There are many reasons why elderly drivers are more likely to get into accidents that teenagers. Physical and mental changes are just some the causes of car accidents among elders. These include slowing down fast enough, the loss of clear vision and hearing, the loss of muscle strength and flexiblity, and drowsiness which cause†¦show more content†¦Many elders have vision and hearing problems. It’s hard for them to see and hear clearly, while on the road is a dangerous thing. Many elders also have cataracts, macular degeneration and/or glaucoma. All of these diseases affect the eyes, making them cloudy and limiting the eye sight. Some elders also take medicine for depression or any other mental health problem. Taking some medication can cause the driver to become drowsy, making them a danger on the road. A good percentage of elders in the US are drivers, and many of these drivers have either Parkinson’s, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, arthritis, or have had a stroke. All of these diseases have an effect on the driver and the vehicle. People with Parkinson’s tend to shake a lot. A driver with Parkinson’s may have difficulty reacting fast enough to turn the wheel or stop when necessary. Diabetes can cause sleepiness or dizziness in the driver, it could also cause seizures. Strokes can affect either one side of the body, or the whole body. Stroke makes the drivers to impaired to drive motor vehicles, but some elders still drive after having a stroke. Alzheimer’s cause just about complete mind loss. Having this while driving could cause them to get lost, not remember where they live or where they’re going(â€Å"Old Adult†). There are still many accounts of elders hitting and killing pedestrians or people in motor vehicles. A vote was taken on Debate. org asking if people believed elders should have to retake the driving test orShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving1561 Words   |  7 Pages015 18 September 2014 â€Å"Almost Home† With the society we live in today, a cell phone almost becomes a necessity. Although cell phones come in handy and even make life a little easier, our cell phone usage is becoming a threat to us. There are several ways in which this powerful object can be dangerous. Texting while driving is one danger many do not realize until something drastic happens. Texting while driving is not only a threat to us, but as well as other drivers, passengers, and pedestriansRead MoreRoad Construction Accidents Causes Accidents1160 Words   |  5 Pages Road construction is an overwhelming situation every driver faces. The first sight of orange barrels and construction workers leaves any driver frustrated. Closed roads and detours are everything drivers want to avoid during their daily commutes. The reality of the situation is that road construction is something that we all have to deal with because it affects a large population of individuals. Beyond all the frustration, road work is very serious and causes many problems. Road constructionRead MoreRoad Rage And Aggressive Driving1228 Words   |  5 PagesNate Finck Mrs. Waller English I February 18, 2015 Road Rage and Aggressive Driving Imagine you are in a road jam. Ahead of you, you can see miles of cars. Radio is on and you’re very, very frustrated. You need to get home to your family and you still have miles to go, inch by inch. At this point in time you’re very distraught. The car is a medium of transportation. Where once you could walk from two to six miles per hour, now you can go up to speeds of seventy-five miles per hour, and get to yourRead MoreTexting And Driving Is A Good Thing Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesWe have all seen them, the people that come barreling down the road not knowing what’s happening because they are too busy looking at their phone. Texting and driving is one of the most daring things people can do on the road now a days. It is a tragic practice in the United States that needs to be stopped. It’s taking many lives of peoples family and friends around the United States today. This phenomenon of texting and driving exists and it isn t a good thing. Although many people would agreeRead MoreThe Cons of Texting and Driving918 Words   |  4 Pageseyes have to be open while looking at the road ahead of you. You need to be watching the cars around you and looking at streetlights and road signs. When you are texting, you are focused on the texting device and what you are going to type next. How can you do both (driving and texting)? You can’t; therefore, stop before you take the life of someone else or even your own. People text and drive for various reasons; however, it’s never more important than a life. Texting is becoming the most popular formRead MoreTexting and Driving Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Essay People should be cited for texting while driving because not only are drivers putting themselves in danger but also everyone else around them. Statistics have indicated that over 6,000 deaths and well over half a million injuries have occurred due to drivers using cell phones in 2011 alone. Drivers sending or receiving test messages take their eyes off of the road for at least five seconds which is enough time to cover an entire football field. One could only imagine the tremendousRead MoreRoad Construction Accidents Caused By Drivers1591 Words   |  7 PagesRoad construction is an overwhelming issue that every driver has experienced throughout their driving years. Roads are designed and built for vehicle use, however that gets complicated with road work zones. Road construction is such a common part of driving, it appears many motorists forget the dangers associated with work zones. Patience is not something most drivers have, and most drivers do not slow down to wait for cons truction. The lack of patience puts the construction workers and other driversRead MoreJohn Kinsella: the Crest1555 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the safety and security of town, traveling too fast, going up the rise and approaching the crest of the hill over which unknown danger waits. Like the truck, humankind is overloaded and travelling too fast to avoid disaster. The words, â€Å"high speed† establish tension and apprehensiveness, and also illustrate mankind’s inability or unwillingness to slow down. The danger of driving an overloaded truck too fast over a blind crest is paralleled with the way in which man is moving. The phrase, â€Å"theRead MoreRoad Accidents: Reasons and Responsibilities657 Words   |  3 Pagesones include our small children, our parents, or spouses. Road accidents are one of the main causes of deaths in the United States and the authorities need to be more vigilant in trying to reduce them through every means possible. At the same time, it is also a civic responsibility of the community to make constant pressures on the public authorities to ensure that measures are taken to keep the roads safe through every means possible. Road accidents do not make particular choices and often we findRead MoreDistractions Behind the Wheel619 Words   |  3 PagesTraffic Fatalities in 2010 were 608† (Jones Para 1). The total number of traffic fatalities exceeds the total number of gun deaths. There are several distractions on the road today such as, using electronic devices while driving, drinking, and being an aggressive driver. Traffic safety is one the most important thing on the roads today. Cell phones are just one of the many distractions in everyday lives of all Americans. Many people know that texting while driving can be a very dangerous thing to

Essay On Trumps Ethical Issues - 783 Words

On Trump’s announcement to end DACA Imagine a world where innocent individuals were fearful of their livelihood and the livelihood of their families, always having to look over their shoulders and stay in the shadows to avoid having everything they know ripped out from underneath them. It has been prevalent in the media lately that the Trump administration has ended the DACA program. The general consensus is that this will positively affect our economy as a nation and decrease our unemployment rates astronomically due to the job market opening back up. However, the opposite might be the case. That is the world Trump will have the power to create if Congress doesn’t make a decision to keep the DACA program within the next†¦show more content†¦Trump says that by ending DACA that he is opening up the job market to younger Americans, however, business leaders don’t believe this to be true (Gomez, 2017). One of the first, and most impactful results of the d eletion of DACA to Texas as a whole, is the decline of the G.D.P. The current G.D.P. of Texas as of now is 1.639 trillion. If DACA were to be abolished, this could drop by several billions of dollars within a decade. A drop like this could negatively affect the stock market for Texas as well. The reason for this is the decline of the amount of workers in Texas, assuming they have either been deported or are working illegally and under the table. With hurricane season this year being in the not so distant future Texas is still in the process of rebuilding, and will be for quite a while. A good portion of the people helping to rebuild Houston happen to be DACA recipients. In fact, not only are there DACA recipients on the front lines helping rebuild a place where they may not even feel welcomed, they’re also afraid to reach out for help after the devastation for fear of deportation, they’d rather suffer in silence than risk it. With DACA standing forShow MoreRelatedSoci al Services And Social Work1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe system, and have the social worker use their power to help their client, however this is unfortunately not doable all of the time. Some agencies may reflect these inequalities themselves, and social workers often feel fear to speak up on these issues, at risk that they may lose their employment (Carniol, 2010, p. 107). We have discussed this scenario multiple times in our Basic Interventions class, particularly when talking about ethics. While most of us students agree that we would like to believeRead MoreMartha Stewart2966 Words   |  12 Pagesstanding sell order. Stewart gave this story to the government in formal interviews. After a lengthy investigation, Stewart was found guilty by the court on various charges on June 4, 2002, although not for insider trading. (AcaDemon term papers and essays). Obviously, Martha Stewart was engaged in this unethical and illegal behavior along with her broker Peter Bacanovic. Selling sh ares was just a onetime incident on December 27, 2001. â€Å"Martha Stewart was tried in U.S. District court. On June 4, 2003Read MoreBlack Mirror : A Look Into Memory6065 Words   |  25 PagesEach episode marks a separate section of my essay where I apply memory studies and theories, and respectively is followed by a real-life example of technology used within the episode. Memory studies, a term coined by social scientist and media historian, Steve Anderson, refers to a â€Å"way of looking at historical reception, what people remember of history, and the ways it is made useful in their lives†(Anderson, 21). Within this essay I will continuously refer to memoryRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBalance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect

Mark strand Free Essays

So the poet I decided to do this on is Mark Strand. He was born in Canada in 1934 and grew up in different places in the United States. He studied at several universities including Antioch Ohio college, Yale, also the University of Florence on a Fulbright fellowship where he studied 19th century Italian poetry. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark strand or any similar topic only for you Order Now When he was a child, he actually wasn’t considered bright. He was a painter while studying at Yale, and a lot of people say that he creates a â€Å"painterly’ image in his poetry because of the way he closely examines things. I found it really interesting that in an interview he said that he wasn’t good with language as a child, and so the idea that he would one day become a poet would come as a huge shock for his family growing up. Strand felt deeply connected with the painter Edward Hopper. He wrote a book about his works, explaining the paintings in very expressive details. Strand definitely has a way of showing his passion for both art and poetry and combining the two. Hopper was considered a very misunderstood, realist painter and Strand said that he eally connected with his â€Å"strangeness† and feels influenced by it. Strand’s poetry has a very simple language to it. It sometimes borders on something beyond reality, in the way that he perceives the world. He wrote a lot of poems about dreams and disassociation from the world. He’s written 14 books of poetry. He also writes a lot of life and death. Death, being what he considers the main point in lyrical poetry. What I really connect with Is the rhythm of this poem first of all. I actually enjoyed a ot of other poems by Strand but after we looked at Fishing on the susehanna river by Billy Collins, this intrigued me because it reminded me of that similar rhythm. I enjoy the repetition that things will always end but then continue to go on and return again. Theres this sadness in the earlier stanzas about how things Just stay the same, leave and come back again. The hopelessness of a mundane world. In the end theres kind of a positive hopefulness where the people at the party don’t think the night will end. They don’t let it though the music stops. mark strand By Idramaqueenl How to cite Mark strand, Papers

Develop Sustainability Policy

Question: Discuss about the Develop Sustainability Policy. Answer: Introduction The following sustainability policy is developed to enable the business conduct it operations in the most effective and efficient way by enabling and respects all stakeholders interests. The policy ensures recognition of the stakeholders, interest and need in the business5. Therefore the business will be able to engage on sustainable operations that will benefit all it stakeholders and lead to business success. This policy will ensure that the business does not only exist to maximize its owners wealth but also as part of the society that has to relate ethically with other stakeholders. Planning sustainability The plan sustainability developed in this paper is for a food business in Australia. The plan focuses on the available information about standards and guidelines available in food industry. Second, -planning sustainability process will focuses on methods and techniques of the sustainability policy that will be used. The process will also identify and consult stakeholders to the business. Lastly the planning process will outline recommendations that will ensure effectiveness of the sustainability policy that is being developed. MacDonald information The Macdonald is a food business that will open as a franchise in Sydney outskirts. The business will involve in preparing meals and selling to the public by opening outlets in high traffic areas. The outlets will be involved in sale of fast food to customers. The business will have skilled employees who will prepare dishes ready for consumption. Sources of standards The food industry is much protected by the industry best practices, guidelines, organizational specifications and legislations specifications. The Food businesses must comply with this standard unless they fall under the definition of 'primary food production'. FSANZ is developing Primary Production and processing standards separately. Food handlers must also comply with the requirements that relate specifically to food handlers. Standard 3.2.Isets out specific food handling controls related to the receipt, storage, processing, display, packaging, transportation, disposal and recall of food. Other requirements relate to the skills and knowledge of food handlers and their supervisors, the health and hygiene of food handlers, and the cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance of the food premises and equipment within the premises. If complied with, these requirements will ensure that food does not become unsafe or unsuitable. 1"Food Safety Practices and General Requirements Standard 3.2.2", in Foodstandards.gov.au, , 2017, https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/safety/faqsafety/pages/foodsafetyfactsheets/foodsafetypracticesa70.aspx [accessed 5 April 2017]. Methods and Techniques of writing the policy The sustainability policy will aim to dematerialize and optimize consumption of the businesses products in the Australian food market. It will involve methods that will increase functionality of the businesss products to meet customers needs. The consumption optimization method will enable meeting the customers demand more sustainability. The food prepared in the business will at meeting customers nutritional requirements thereby improving their lives 2. Techniques to be used will be product and service improvement and system improvement in developing the companys sustainability policy. Systems Improvement techniques to make systems more sustainable include by instituting Environmental Management Systems and multi stakeholder involvement. Product and Service Improvement technique ensure products and services more sustainable include: Life Cycle Management, Eco-design, Eco-labeling, and Product Service Systems. Needs and interests of the business stakeholders The stakeholders of the company will be employees, customers, owners, local communities and regulators. The sustainability policy will address their needs and interests that the business will strive to achieve or balance to enable collective success of all stakeholders. Customers: They need nutritious, safe and healthy food for their bodies. Owners: These stakeholders need high returns in their investment. Minimum resource usage and maximum returns. Local community: They need support for the activities occurring in the society in solving their problems. Employees: They need safe workplace and good compensation. 2A Johnston, "Constructing Sustainability through CSR: A Critical Appraisal of ISO 26000", in SSRN Electronic Journal. Regulators: The business should act responsibility to it surrounding (environment) Sustainability Options and Recommendations The business should develop the following the following sustainability policies; Customers sustainability policy Employees Sustainability Policy Owners Sustainability Policy Environmental Sustainability Policy Community sustainability policy Recommendation The business should implement the sustainability policies in priorities. For instance it should start with employees, owners and customers sustainability policies and lastly implement community sustainability policy. The business should strictly adhere to industry best practices to avoid withdrawal of permit by the authority. The business should also continuously review the sustainability policy to enhance improvement thereby enabling efficiency in the business 3. 3J Kens, "Planning and procedures", in Sustainabilityskills.net.au, , 2017, https://sustainabilityskills.net.au/what-is-sustainability/sustainability-practice/strategy-and-management/planning-and-procedures/ [accessed 5 April 2017]. Recommendation for effectiveness in the business; The business should formulate a comprehensive and appropriate employees sustainability policy that will continuously improve skills in order to improve their effectiveness in the organization. Sustainability policy development Company profile The business will be food outlet located in a high traffic area. The business will be involved in preparation of food for the customers. The business will research, acquire inputs, prepare and sell different dishes to customers who have preference to great taste. The business will be owned by several investors by shares. The business stakeholders will be customers, suppliers, employees, investors, regulators and the community 6. 5D Levi R Sokoloski, "Cal Poly's Sustainability Program: What is Its Effect on Students?", in Focus, vol. 10, 2013. 6L Hawrysz J Foltys, "Environmental Aspects of Social Responsibility of Public Sector Organizations", in Sustainability, vol. 8, 2015, 19. Purpose of the sustainability policy The sustainability policy will aim to address the following in the process of developing strategies; Minimizing resources use by reducing waste Ensuring there is no toxic materials or hazardous chemical use in preparation of meals Enabling employing of life cycle management approaches Promoting sustainability principles in the business Raising awareness among stakeholders Enabling training employees in sustainability principles and techniques Customers sustainability policy The Company will strive to find new ways to strengthen the nutritional profile of the menu items while maintaining the great tastes that customers expect. The business will adopt menu board labeling which will provides clear kilojoules content information for customers prior to their purchase decision. The business commitment will involve bolder dcision-making, customer-centric innovation and renewed emphasis on the fundamentals extends to our sustainability efforts on nutritional value of meals 78. 7"Food Safety Practices and General Requirements Standard 3.2.2", in Foodstandards.gov.au, , 2017, https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/safety/faqsafety/pages/foodsafetyfactsheets/foodsafetypracticesa70.aspx [accessed 5 April 2017]. 8"Food Sustainability Choices :: McDonalds", in Corporate.mcdonalds.com, , 2017, https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/mcd/sustainability/food.html [accessed 5 April 2017]. The business will be involved in fast food products that are a favorite place for children the business will endorse responsible marketing when promoting products. This will take responsibility to communicate appropriately with families and young people. The business will abide to the Australian Association of National Advertisers and Australian Food and Grocery Council this initiative provides industry standards and guidelines for advertising to children. The business will be vigilant about food safety standards and will collaborate with government, industry bodies and other experts to support innovation and improvement in food safety practices. To ensure the integrity of the business food stringent food safety procedures will be put in place at every stage of the food preparation process. The business will have a food safety plan that is based on the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach 9. A HACCP plan will identify hazards to which products might be exposed and the critical points where control measures must be in place. Suppliers Sustainability Policy The business will adopt a model that is based on a culture of partnership and collaboration which will make it possible for the supplier to serve consistently safe and high quality food. It will be important to the business that suppliers operate sustainable and profitable businesses and benefit from the partnership with the business. It is also important to the business that it sources products in a responsible and ethical manner that contributes to the development of sustainable agriculture and food manufacturing processes. Regulators Sustainability Policy The business will abide the set regulatory food organization in Australia to ensure food safety and integrity is observed. The business will carry it operations in the industry by strict observations of the food standards set to ensuring Australians access safe and health food. 9P Rabinowitz, "Chapter 7. Encouraging Involvement in Community Work | Section 8. Identifying and Analyzing Stakeholders and Their Interests | Main Section | Community Tool Box", in Ctb.ku.edu, , 2015, https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/participation/encouraging-involvement/identify-stakeholders/main [accessed 5 April 2017]. Employees Sustainability Policy The business will work to provide an employment experience that employees will value, one that is flexible, complements employees lifestyles and provides opportunities for the development of life-long skills 11. The business will strive to create a work environment where everyone can expect to be treated equally with dignity and respect. It will encourage all team members to promote a friendly, respectful workplace and to discourage any behavior that might cause hurt or embarrassment to others. Lastly, there will be development opportunities, individuals will be evaluated on their performance and promotion based on merit. Employment, promotions and training will not be determined by age, race, color, sex, appearance, religion, marital or parental status, sexual preference, disability, impairment or national origin 10. Environmental Sustainability Policy The business is committed to acting responsibly to the natural resources in ensuring sustainability. This will involve proper waste management, water usage, saving energy to reduce greenhouse gas emission and animal welfare 10S Neubert, "Wastewater reuse: how integrated and sustainable is the strategy?", in Water Policy, vol. 11, 2009, 37. 11A McGowan, "Developing Alaska Sustainably", in Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, vol. 56, 2014, 2-3. Investors Sustainability policy The business will use optimum resources in order to maximize return on the company. This will ensure that the return on shareholders investment is maximized. Local Community Sustainability Policy The business will be committed in participating in society projects to enabling solving of the current community problem. The business will also give preference to job opportunities and partnerships in supplies. Communication Strategy for Sustainability Policy Communication strategy for sustainability policy is a tool of ensuring that the developed sustainability policies of different stakeholders reach them effectively. Communicating sustainability policies to stakeholders ensures that the sustainability policy serves it purpose in the process of developing and implementing business strategies. The following communication strategy will be used to communicate the business sustainable policies it strive to implementing sustainability principles in its operations. The communication strategy will use several tools to communicate the content of the sustainability policy. Communication Strategy tools Presentation This tool will be used to communicate to a group of stakeholders in meetings, conferences or training section. This tool will be appropriate for communicating when stakeholders are in one area at the time of communication. Presentation allows the stakeholder to understand all the content relevant to the sustainability policy. This tool will be able to outline, explain and offer analyzes of the sustainability policy. Presentation is appropriate when communicating in meetings with investors, conferences with regulators and orienting employees. Flyers for Notice boards/ Suppliers The flyer offers a communication strategy to stakeholders outside the organization. Flyers can be displayed on notice board on places that have high traffic to increase the number of potential stakeholders accessing the information. The flyer is convenient to giving out to different stakeholders. The flyers require to be designed and be printed out of the content that is intended to be communicated. Flyers are not able to accommodate much explaination about the policy but give an outline and short explanation. The flyers are intended to communicate to stakeholders outside the organization who are in large numbers. This tool is appropriate for communicating to local communities and supplies of the business. Training Sessions This tool of communication strategy is appropriate when communicating sustainability policies to employees. It can either be individual or a group of employees. This tool communicates the employees sustainability policy to employees. The communication requires a trainer or coach to pass the information to the employees in the process of training. The communication strategy tool has a role of enlightening employees about the business commitment to sustainability. Communicating policy to employees enables understanding that that increases effectiveness and efficiency in the business. The tool is desired to comprehensively explain sustainability policy to employees in training session so that they employees act to business expectations 12. Video Videos are good communication strategy tool that provides oral communication of the sustainability policy. Videos offer explanation of the sustainability policy. Videos are appropriate for internal stakeholders who want to learn the sustainability policy of the business. Video requires specialist to prepare. The availability of a video ensures there are readily source of learning materials for the company policy. 12V Sapovadia, "Developing Corporate Strategic Framework to Enhance Sustainability Through CSR", in SSRN Electronic Journal. Newsletters This communication strategy tool is comprehensive and analytical of all sustainable policies that the business has developed. Newsletters are appropriate for communicating outside the business. The newsletter is detailed and can be used by regulators to evaluate the sustainability policy of the business. Newsletters are also availed to the public to enable understanding of the business13. Policy Implementation Implementing the sustainability policy will involve communication to all stakeholder to enable the efficiency of the policy formulated. The implementation process will involve several activities that will facilitate adopting of the policy. The implementation process of the sustainability policy will involve developing and communicating implementing procedures. This will help the internal organization get prepared for the implementation process. The implementing policy will also involve informing the team members in the workplace. Informing team members enables employees to know what is expected of them and what they expect from the organization. The policy implementation requires resources to implement the sustainability policy. A set budget is required to facilitate the implementation process. The success of a sustainability policy is dependent on the resources allocated. Resources are required facilitate communication, train employees and cater for the environments. The policy implementation process requires projects management of all aspects to enable effectiveness of the sustainability policy. This enables facilitation of the activities in the organization. The employees are required to adhere to all safety work practices in the workplace. This enables the efficiency6 of the resources that the business is using in enhancing sustainability. Lastly, the implementation process of policy involves implementing strategies that can enable continuous improvement of resource efficiency. This involves institutionalizing policies to enable sustainability. The business will adopt a training and development section for employees to e nsure skills improvement in the company. Policy Review This process involves investigating of the sustainability policy to establish it success in the business. The policy review will involve reviewing documents outcomes, feedback from personnel and stakeholder and investigating an alternative policy. This process will act as the final phase of sustainability policy. This process also involves monitoring the implementing policy process to ensure effectiveness and efficiency of the sustainability. In addition the policy review will establish performance appraisal for employees to investigate the success of the employees sustainability policy. 13P Ziek, "CSR Infrastructure for Communication and the Nike Controversy", in Journal of Management and Sustainability, vol. 3, 2012. References Curtis, C, "Planning for sustainable accessibility: The implementation challenge". in Transport Policy, 15, 2008, 104-112. "Food Safety Practices and General Requirements Standard 3.2.2". in , , 2017, https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/safety/faqsafety/pages/foodsafetyfactsheets/foodsafetypracticesa70.aspx [accessed 5 April 2017]. "Food Sustainability Choices :: McDonalds". in , , 2017, https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/mcd/sustainability/food.html [accessed 5 April 2017]. Hawrysz, L, J Foltys, "Environmental Aspects of Social Responsibility of Public Sector Organizations". in Sustainability, 8, 2015, 19. Johnston, A, "Constructing Sustainability Through CSR: A Critical Appraisal of ISO 26000". in SSRN Electronic Journal. Kens, J, "Planning and procedures". in Sustainabilityskills.net.au, , 2017, https://sustainabilityskills.net.au/what-is-sustainability/sustainability-practice/strategy-and-management/planning-and-procedures/ [accessed 5 April 2017]. Levi, D, R Sokoloski, "Cal Poly's Sutainability Program: What is Its Effect on Students?". in Focus, 10, 2013. McGowan, A, "Developing Alaska Sustainably". in Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 56, 2014, 2-3. Neubert, S, "Wastewater reuse: how integrated and sustainable is the strategy?". in Water Policy, 11, 2009, 37. Rabinowitz, P, "Chapter 7. Encouraging Involvement in Community Work | Section 8. Identifying and Analyzing Stakeholders and Their Interests | Main Section | Community Tool Box". in Ctb.ku.edu, , 2015, https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/participation/encouraging-involvement/identify-stakeholders/main [accessed 5 April 2017]. Sapovadia, V, "Developing Corporate Strategic Framework to Enhance Sustainability Through CSR". in SSRN Electronic Journal. Ziek, P, "CSR Infrastructure for Communication and the Nike Controversy". in Journal of Management and Sustainability, 3, 2012.

To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne Essay Example For Students

To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne Essay The two poems I am going to discuss are metaphysical poems by two metaphysical poets. They are To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne. The metaphysical movement reacted against the pastoral poems of the 17th century. The poetry of Donne and Marvell uses modern images of the time to express ideas about real and physical love as well as the spiritual side. In this poem Andrew Marvell expresses his feelings about love and time by showing how he wants to make love physically with his mistress before time runs out or before they get too old. At the beginning of the poem, lines 1-4 Andrew is saying that there is not enough time and he finds this shy lady indecisiveness annoying and irritating. Later on in the forthcoming lines he writes, We will write a custom essay on To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Twickenham Garden by John Donne specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Thou by the Indian Ganges side Shoust rubies find, I by the tide Of Humber would complain. In these lines he is comparing her in an exotic picture of being in India finding rubies and him by the river Humber. This also shows that if this happened he could accept it, as time does not apply to him. Also to travel to India would have taken years in the 17th century. Marvell would complain but he could put up with it because time would not need to be considered. This shows that he finds her really rich and important to be able to travel to India and he is left in Hull alone by the river. This is a good way to contrast between the two pictures. In the following three lines he is implying that if he had infinite time they could love each other forever. He uses the exaggerations of time to create a bigger impact for a flattery effect. For example he compares the length of time with the conversion of the Jews. Jews will never take place therefore representing an immeasurable amount of time. In the following couple of lines he is metaphysically comparing his love for the lady as a Vegetable love. He is saying that his love is still growing stronger. In lines 13-18 Andrew, has gone back to saying if he had an unlimited amount of time what he would do. He wants to spend the time gazing upon the lady, looking at various parts of her body. The poem also states the part of the body he is most interested in. Two hundred to adore each breast And the last age should show your heart Following on in the last two lines in the first verse. He is says, For, lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love you at a lower rate He is expressing to the lady that she deserves this treatment that he wants to give her. But really he means the opposite, he is trying to fast track, to win her over so that she will sleep with him. In the second part of Andrews argument he creates an effect by personifying time. Times wingà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d chariot hurrying near He says that he can always hear and feel time running out quickly. Andrew changes the direction of his argument, so he is lacking time. This explains why he wants their relationship to develop at a quicker rate. In lines 23 and 24 he sees his afterlife, when he is dead. All he can see is a dull boring place. Andrew use a metaphor to emphasise his picture of his after life. Deserts of vast eternity .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .postImageUrl , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:hover , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:visited , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:active { border:0!important; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:active , .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6 .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ade90c96f5dbee64c7ecf2ce42bf0e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Public poetry as opposed to confessional verse? EssayThe word Desert suggests an empty and a difficult place to go, the above quote emphasises the time that a dead person will have. He develops his argument in the next five lines. He talks about when she dies all her beauty will be gone and nobody with her, telling her how pretty she is. The climax of his argument is when he tells her the honour she is trying to keep is worthless. The poem tells her that when she dies, the worms in the ground will take her virginity and her honour away from her. Worms shall try That long preserved virginity, And your quaint honour turn to dust In the last two lines Andrew makes a humorous joke, he expresses that although the graves a private place but, they cant make love in the grave. This rhyme defuses the image the reader has just been given. In the concluding part of this poem, Andrew clarifies what he wants them to do now. He starts by describing in lines 33-36 that while they are still young and still have passion they should make love now, rather than waiting till their, Instant fires to die out. Andrew uses the words instant fires to describe their immediate passion they have. In the next four lines he tells her, when they make love, it should be physical. He uses the image of amorous birds making love as an example of what they should be doing. In addition to this they should be hungry for each other. and must not be wasting time, Rather at once our time devour Than languish in his slow-chapt power The quotes provide a powerful image of his ideas of power and passion. He continues the argument in the next four lines by suggesting they should make love some more. He also uses an effective metaphor to describe how he needs to break her down. Thorough the iron gates of life The last two lines conclude the poem. Andrew uses personification of the sun to say they cannot make the sun stop, for example they cannot stop time but they still can use the lime left to do what they intended to do. So in this way it is an equivalent to beating time. In the next poem, John uses unrequited love. This means the love is not returned, for example the woman he loves does not love him back. In the beginning of the first verse he expresses the extent of his sad feelings by using such effective adjectives. Blasted with sighs, and surrounded with tears John is sad because his love does not love him, he has come to the garden to find peace and a new start. He also states that using his senses the garden sooths him and cures everything apart from his love still does not love him back. And at mine eyes, and at mine ears, Receive such blames, as else cure everything In lines 5-7, John explains that he is trapped within his love. He uses the image of a spiders web to describe his feelings. He feels that this spiders love changes everything good he possesses in to bad disgusting things. The spider love, which transubstantiates all, And can convert manna to gall. In the last two lines in the first verse he describes he garden as true paradise, referring to the Garden of Eden and he has brought the serpent into the garden. In verse 2, lines 1-3, the words winter, benefit and frost creates a reflective mood and reminds us of death. John uses these words because he feels sadness, that everything he is connected to turns to frost, lifeless. In line 4, a metaphysical technique is used, it is called Metaphysical conceit this is used to emphasis how humiliated he feels. The first 4 lines creates the mood of sadness and loneliness. In line 6 John has capitalized Love he does this because he personifies it. He used love as if it was a person who is in charge of him. John expresses his feelings to love, asking love for peace. .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .postImageUrl , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:hover , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:visited , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:active { border:0!important; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:active , .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42 .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0414b967285333328f95f5f5975c2b42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry of World War I EssayLove let mee, Some senslesse peece of this place bee; Following in lines 7-8 there is a tone of depression, the tone is achieved by the long sentence structure and is also helped by the onomatopoeia, groane. Make me a mandrake, so I may groane here, Or a stone fountaine weeping out my year. Continuing his argument in lines 1-4 in the 3rd verse he says that the lovers come, to his fountain and take his tears which represents true love. Then he says to taste his tears and their partners tears and taste hem, if the partners tears dont taste like his then her live is not true. In the next two line the tone changes from bitterness to being forthright sounding. John achieves this tone by addressing directly, he is being bold and honest. The effects are strong, getting his warning about what he thinks of women through clearly. Alas, hearts do not in eyes shine, Nor can you more judge womans thoughts by tears, In the last two lines John repeats the words true and truth 3 times. This constructs an effective emphasis of what he feels. He explains that he that she is already married and truthful to her husband, therefore she cannot return his love. These two poems showed different aspects of love in different perspectives. Out of the two poems I preferred Twickenham Garden. I preferred this poem because of its effective use of metaphors and adjectives, with brings the poem to life. Throughout poem the tempo changes as well giving it even more excitement and feel. I fought these aspects made the poem more moving and interesting.

How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017 - CoSchedule

How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017 Google Analytics is the most popular freemium web analytics service in the world and it is estimated that today over 50 million websites  across hundreds of countries  use the tool. Google Analytics today is nearly twelve years old and has come in several different shapes and sizes over the years adding ever increasing levels of insight. The unrivaled level of data and tracking that it offers today means that if you don’t have it installed on your website youre missing out on such crucial statistics as: What user demographics are visiting your site How they are reaching your site What pages on your site are performing well or badly †¦ and much more! What webmaster in their right mind wouldn’t want access to such crucial data that can help them grow their business for free? None, of course. But what happens when you skew the data with spam? What happens when the statistics that you thought were giving you such in-depth insights into user None, of course. But what happens when you skew the data with spam? What happens when the statistics that you thought were giving you such in-depth insights into user behavior on your website are actually bogus? Well, it completely devalues the data and renders it almost useless, especially if you’re a smaller brand with much less website traffic than a huge company. Whether you are a small business owner conducting landing page A/B tests or part of a large company and need to present data to your boss, analytics spam can cause you a mighty headache. But don’t fear! This article will fully explain each type of spam that may affect your Google Analytics profile and exactly how you can remove it to prevent spam from ruining your data in the future. Before We Continue: Get Two Free Google Analytics Bonus Guides + 5 Custom Reports Google Analytics can be complicated enough without worrying about spam. Once youve filtered out all the junk from your account, learn how to leverage it for success with these free resources: Five Questions About Your Site Google Analytdics Can Answer: Learn how Google Analytics can help you better understand your sites performance. Write Smarter Content With Google Analytics: Learn how to write content your audience wants, backed by real data. Best Times Google Analytics Custom Reports: Get pre-built one-click dashboards to help you identify the best times to post on social media, send email, and more.How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017How Does Analytics Spam Work Why Would Anyone Bother? There are several types of spam that affect  Google Analytics but by far and away the most popular is referral spam, sometimes referred to as ghost spam, as often it never actually reaches the affected website. Apart from the contamination of statistics, luckily this spam technique never actually harms the affected sites. Referral spam is the process that spammers use where they utilize web spiders or bots to send one or more fake hits to a Google Analytics account (a hit can take the form of anything from a page view to a transaction). The spammers will target thousands of websites per day, presumably at random, so don’t be lead to believe that you or your agency has committed an SEO crime which has plagued you with this problem! In some cases, advanced spammers can make bots read your Google Analytics script that is embedded on your web page. They will then extract your unique Property ID, add it to their database and continually spam your site, making it look like they have sent huge amounts of referral traffic to your site and putting them top of your referral list in Google Analytics. Sneaky. "Okay, I get it so far, but why would anyone bother to create Google Analytics spam?" I hear you ask. Well, apart from the pure fun of it, there are a number of reasons people are doing this: Generate traffic of their own. Arguably the main reason for referral/ghost spam. Not only are spammers inflating and blemishing your traffic stats, they are also increasing their own through people’s natural curiosity to click their links and it’s reported that they are in fact increasing sales  with this tactic. Whether they redirect the link to a site where they are selling physical products or services or simply taking you to sites covered in ads, the additional traffic is profitable Get commission.  Affiliates often get commission through increasing traffic statistics and this is an easy way for corrupt sites to do so Propaganda. Believe it or not, some users are even creating referral spam to spread their own personal political beliefs and propaganda. The most notorious case being the pro-Trump spam spread by Russian spammer Vitaly Popov. 4. Black Hat SEOs. There have been rumors in some cases where SEO’s or marketing agencies have used referral spam as a way of bloating their own client's traffic statistics to give a false impression of success. 5. Harvesting emails. The spammers will then sell the email addresses to 3rd parties who can use them for bulk email campaigns. 6. Spreading malware. There’s nothing spammers like more than causing havoc for the sake of it. Could spammers be trying to spread malware in your #Google #Analytics account? Find out (and fight...Now we’ve established what exactly Analytics spam is, why anyone bothers to create it, and how harmful it can be for your Google Analytics account and business, let’s talk about how we can prevent it. Recommended Reading: Using Google Analytics to Write Smarter Content Know the Different Types of Google Analytics Spam Out There ( How to Prevent Them) Google Analytics spam comes in different shapes and forms. Here are some common varieties to be aware of. Referral Spam Referral Spam is the main method here and one we’ve touched on already. It started a few years ago with the main culprits being sites such as "semalt" and "buttons-for-websites" and now it’s rare to see an analytics account that doesn’t have "abc.xyz", "free-traffic.xyz" or "ilovevitaly.com" as a referrer. How can you stop it? One of the first suggestions that surfaced on forums, social media and SEO news sites was blocking the related URL’s through your .htaccess file  in the root directory of your domain. How to Block Spam Bots in .htacess This method involves copy and pasting a bunch of code into your site and can be dangerous when done incorrectly as the .htaccess file is extremely important and defines how your server behaves. Entering the code incorrectly can take down the whole site so exercise this technique with extreme caution. If you do feel skilled enough at having a go at this method then check out this handy guide on blocking spam bots in .htaccess. Although in a lot of cases this works, as mentioned previously, most of the bots now do not even visit the website rendering blocking their URL in your .htaccess useless. It’s also extremely time-consuming to block all the URL’s, especially as there are new ones seemingly popping up every day. There must be a better solution†¦ Recommended Reading: How to Boost Traffic With 34 SEO Tips You Need to Know (+ Free Kit) Filtering Spam Bots with Custom Filters in Google Analytics Utilizing Custom Filters was the most effective workaround to the Google Analytics referral spam problem for a long while and it’s still a handy solution to know. It’s a much easier method to implement than blocking spam domains through .htaccess and you don’t need any coding skill. The only potential hazard here is filtering the wrong set of data and further polluting your data by entering the correct filter string. Follow the guide below and you won’t have any problems: Step 1: Head over to your Google Analytics profile and click Acquisition All Traffic Referrals: Step 2: Sort Referral Traffic by Bounce Rate: And make sure that you’ve set the timeframe to at least a couple of months: A zero or 100% bounce rate, with at least 20 sessions is a strong indicator that the referrer domain is spammy. If you’re unsure the domain you’re looking at is, in fact, spammy and you want to make sure you’re not excluding legitimate traffic sources, then you can check them against our trusted Ultimate Referral List  (a 128 domain strong list of referral spammers). Step 3: What to do if you can't find the domain? If you can’t find the domain in our list or other user-generated ‘Referral Spam Domain Lists’ that you can find online, such as ... https://github.com/piwik/referrer-spam-blacklist https://referrerspamblocker.com/blacklist https://perishablepress.com/4g-ultimate-referrer-blacklist/ ... then consider search the site’s domain on Google or social media to see what others are saying about it. Remember to err on the side of caution and not visit the potentially spammy sites as we already know they can be malicious and full of viruses. Step 4: Now that you have collated your final list of spammy referring domains we can then block them using ‘Custom Filters’. Head over to your Google Analytics profile and hit the ‘Admin’ tab. Then under the View  column, you will want to click the Filters button: Once you’ve navigated to the ‘Filters’ page click the big red Add Filter button: Step 5: Once you’re on the Edit Filter page you can enter the name that you’d like to call the filter. In the example below I have simply labeled them ‘Spam Referrers’ but you may wish to make this more descriptive or specific, especially if you have a lot of spam sites that you are wishing to filter out. Select the Custom Filter Type and check the Exclude option from the options below. Under Filter Field, you will want to select ‘Campaign Source’. Next, you’ll want to add in the Filter Pattern as you see it in the example below. ‘example.com|example2.com|example3.com’  etc. The pipe symbol ‘|’ is used as an "or" operator meaning that the filter ‘example.com’ or  example2.com or  example3.com will be excluded. However, Don't end the filter pattern with a pipe, as Google themselves warn that this â€Å"will exclude ALL referral sources†. Remember that you can only add in around ten or so spam referring domains as there is a 255 character limit for each filter. To get around this simply add in more filters until you’ve blocked all of the desired domains. Need to filter out spam bots in #Google #Analytics? Here's how:Referral Exclusion List The final method of blocking spam referral domains in Google Analytics that we’re going to look at is called the ‘Referral Exclusion List’ method and is the first solution that Google themselves have created for excluding rogue domains. The first thing that needs mentioning about this method is that it only works if you’re using the newer Universal Analytics rather than Classic Google Analytics. When Google released this new feature within Universal Analytics they highlighted two common uses for it: Third Party Referrals.  Especially payment processors. After you have added a payment processor into your Referral Exclusion List, when a user leaves your site to the payment processor then returns to your site following a purchase, the processor won’t show as the referring domain. A great example of this is if you use PayPal and you constantly see that as a referring source. Add PayPal as a referral exclusion and this will no longer skew the data. Self-Referrals. If you have several subdomains that a user may jump back and forth from you can add your own site into the exclusion list to prevent artificially inflating traffic data. Your site is automatically added to this when you set up your Analytics property so needs no implementation. However,  Google make no mention  of using this technique to block spam and some will argue that there is a reason behind this! Google states: â€Å"When you exclude a referral source, traffic that arrives to your site from the excluded domain doesn’t trigger a new session.† But, this doesn’t mean that the visit has been completely removed from your Analytics data. In some cases, it has been reported  that Google Analytics merely attributes the source of the visit differently, from a referral to ‘direct’ traffic. It has removed the referral spam attribution but the data can still be ruined. Again, exercise with caution! Recommended Reading: The Best Advice on How to Grow Your Blog Traffic By 1,044% In 1 Year With all that in mind, here’s how to access the Referral Exclusion List and block single domains: Step 1: Head over to the Admin tab in your Google Analytics account then click Tracking Info within the Property column: Step 2: Under the ‘Tracking Info’ dropdown select ‘Referral Exclusion List’ ...then click the ‘+ ADD REFERRAL EXCLUSION’ button. Step 3: Simply add in the domains that you wish to exclude from your referral traffic. One downside to this technique is that you can’t add domains in bulk which is another reason that the filter method (mentioned previously) may be more efficient. Language Spam The Future of Spam Just when we thought we had it all figured, along came a brand new brand of spam ready to pollute our beautiful Analytics data once more! Towards the back end of 2016, a new wave of Analytics spam hit many accounts, Language Spam. Ever notice sentences similar to this in your Language Report on Analytics? How about these: o-o-8-o-o.com search shell is much better than google! Vitaly rules google ☆*:ï ½ ¡Ã£â€šÅ"ï ¾Å¸Ã¯ ½ ¥*ãÆ' ½(^á ´â€"^)ï ¾â€°*ï ½ ¥Ã£â€šÅ"ï ¾Å¸Ã¯ ½ ¡:*☆  ¯_(ãÆ'„)_/ ¯(à ²  Ã§â€ºÅ Ã  ²  )(à ² ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¿Ã  ² ¥)(ʘ†¿ÃŠËœ)áÆ'Å¡(à ²  _à ²  Ã¡Æ'Å¡)( Í ¡Ã‚ ° ÍÅ"Êâ€" Í ¡Ã‚ °)ãÆ' ½(ï ¾Å¸Ãâ€Ã¯ ¾Å¸)ï ¾â€°ÃŠâ€¢ÃŒ «Ã ¡ÃŠâ€Ã¡ ¶Ëœ á µâ€™Ã¡ ´ ¥Ã¡ µâ€™Ã¡ ¶â€¦(=^ ^=)oO The Language Spam problem was combined with yet more referral spam and often saw sites such as  brateg.xyz, begalka.xyz, bukleteg.xyz etc. in your data. Eventually, the referral spam was managing to use legitimate websites such as reddit.com, twitter.com  Ã‚  thenextweb.com to disguise itself. According to reports, research has shown that this is not too dissimilar to the standard referral spam we saw previously in how it works which means that it’s easy enough to block. Once the Language Spam has been recorded there is no way to permanently remove it from your historical data but you can filter it to report accurate historical statistics. You can also utilize the same methods to block Language Spam as you can with Referral Spam as we explain in detail further up the page. Has your site been hit by Language Spam? Here's what to do about it.Here’s how you can utilize Custom Segments to view accurate historical data even after you’ve been inflicted with Language Spam: Step 1: On report view in your Google Analytics account click ‘+ Add Segment’ at the top of the page ... ... then click the big, red ‘+New Segment’ button. Step 2: Staying on the ‘Demographics’ tab that you default to, give your new Segment a simple, easy to identify name: Step 3: Next up, you want to select ‘does not match regex’ from the drop down tab next to ‘Language’ and enter the following expression and then hit save: .{15,}|s[^s]*s|.|,|!|/ The filter above excludes any traffic where the language name contains 15+ characters as most, .com,.co.uk, .fr for example, don’t go over that limit yet the Language Spam names often do. It also excludes symbols which are invalid for use in the language field, such as commas, exclamations marks and speech marks, that are used to construct these spammy domain names. Once saved, you can now look back at data in your Google Analytics account over any period of time and analyze non-infiltrated stats. Lovely! Google Analytics spam is not a new thing and has been frustrating website owners and marketers alike for quite a while now. Whilst, with these techniques, you can block most of the spam coming through, there will no doubt be something else affecting your account somewhere along the line. Keep an eye out for any suspicious looking websites and the methods in this article may just be able to still help you.

Doea a dividend policy matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Doea a dividend policy matter - Essay Example But the practitioners are of the opinion that dividend policies do play an important role in this regard. They provide examples in this regard that there are numerous companies whose share prices have jumped to a new high after their announcement to pay regular dividends. The process of paying dividend by companies is considered very important because it sends a powerful message to outsiders of the company about the future prospects of the organization. If an organization is able to pay out consistent dividends over time to its shareholders, it can be concluded by the general public that the fundamentals of the organization are very strong. It should be noted in this regard that focusing solely on the dividend policy of an organization is not sufficient. The company must also have the money that is required to pay dividends to its shareholders. Any company’s sources of funds must equal its uses of such funds. If an organization pays dividends to its shareholders and this is considered as use of funds, there must be something that has to change in the uses and sources statement. In this regard it could be said that given the investment policy of the firm, the dividend policy decisions of any firm is dependent on the choice of its financing strategy. An organization has to take a decision in this regard whether it wants to rely heavily on external funds to finance its projects and then paying back those funds to the providers of finance in the form of higher dividends. The other way is to retain a part of its earnings to finance its growth. Ploughing back of profits is an important tool by which an organization ca n effectively finance its projects without relying too much on outside sources of funds (Miller, 1977, pp. 261-265). It can be said at this point that generous dividend policies may not be considered as the best for an organization. The organization’s

Amphibians of West Africa Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amphibians of West Africa - Term Paper Example From this study it is clear that  climate change and specifically the rainfall shortage has led to decline in biodiversity of population of different organisms, including the amphibians in different parts of the world including West Africa. Rainfall decrease or shortage leads may affect survival   and growth of the amphibians by altering the availability of food, or changing the preditor – prey relationships which may lead to decrease in amphibians population or extinction of a species that is poorly adapted to adverse environments.  During the high rainfall season, amphibians in the west Africa normally mate, with the decreasing rainfall season, the mating season of the amphibians may be altered or even lost if the rain is inadequate and this leads to poor reproduction, which in turn leads to decreased population and my eventually lead to extinction of some species of the amphibians in the region.This paper highlights that  the majority of amphibians in west Africa ar e typical forest specialists, however,some of them can tolerate disturbed forest situation. Only very few amphibians in this region have a preference for savannah and farm bush habitats. Rainfall pattern change, therefore changes the natural habitat of the amphibians in the West Africa and more specifically the majority which inhabit the forest. Destruction of the forest due to lack of rainfall will lead to the death of the amphibians and migration of them to a different location where the habitat can be found.

Ethical Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Dilemmas - Essay Example Besides, organizations are engaged in shifting their manufacturing facilities to developing countries as a cost cutting measure. However, such strategy of organizations has led towards the emergence of many ethical problems between the organizations and its stakeholders (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999). Ethical dilemma is literally defined as a moral situation in which an individual has to make choice between two or more options. On the other hand, ethical dilemma in business is said to be existing when the decision makers within the organizations are encountered with making choices amongst two alternatives that may have a serious impact on the organization’s profit earning capability and/or its stakeholders (Shata, 2013; Fernando, 2009). Correspondingly, this essay intends to demonstrate an in-depth understanding and application of the ethical dimension of business decision making. In the given case study, Omax which is a large home appliances company is faced with the radical need to cut its workforce as its one of the strategies to shift its manufacturing activities to developing countries. In a board meeting, senior management team assigned Jenny who is working as HR manager in the company with the task to downsize the procurement department within the company. However, there are two individuals namely Alan and John who are currently working as procurement officers and are liable for sourcing suppliers. Unenviably, only one position is available within the procurement department corresponding to the downsizing strategy. Hence, Jenny is challenged with the choice to retain either Alan or John. Notably, off the job both Jenny and John are the members of book club and have formed friendship with each other. Besides, Jenny is also aware that John recently has a new born baby and realizes that the job would important for John and for his family. Now, Jenny is fi nding it difficult to make decision regarding the layoff. Jenny is unsure

Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film

Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Chapter 1 Introduction Preface The purpose for this dissertation is to discover what is crossover film and what makes the crossover film a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of chinese language movie. Especially between the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of asian movie in that time. However, the English audiences might consider these martial art film as the crossover film. The English audiences think these martial art film as the crossover probably because these martial art film come with simple plot. The story are quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes are not nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundary when the english audiences watch it. In my research, these martial arts films in the past does not count as the crossover film. I would say the crossover film is relate to several elements which is culture references, co-production, company investment, audiences expectation, marketing, etc. Research background Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strHYPERLINK http://cdict.net/q/straightict rule. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(Clara Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Farewell China,1989. P.127: Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probabl y havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen any kind of asian movie before. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“European and North American audiences have never been particularly interested in Asian cinema, Apart from the occasional exotic import and anime.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83) During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong Kong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Golden Harvest was the top studio, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu comedy actor-filmmaker who would spend the next twenty years as Asias biggest box office drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.  164à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"165: Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. there was a industry crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and also the illegal copy and download over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success even it was a hard time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research. Chapter 2 What is crossover film? 2.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, I will be discuss how we define crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or action movie during the late 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. And Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be represent the identity of Hong Kong movie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they know other films that made in Hong Kong? 2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ? The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s originally. And the Chinese people called it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and always use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? characters always appear with sword as the weapon and come with superpower. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I think the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth after the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly disapprove à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to bring action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social culture and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71: Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I believe the martial arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The Martial arts movies still feature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant change in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. I think the first time to allow western audiences to get to know about Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career achievement as well as cultural aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to first enter Hollywood, but also created his own philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enter the Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 1973. It was also the first time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation change until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star. Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the international road. His first foray into the international market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie took the first Hollywood movie Rush Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"early 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies just the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real definition for crossover film in next paragraph. 2.3 The definition of crossover film In fact, I canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t find any book that mention about the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own understanding to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? on google search engine. I found this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a compare between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up making a lot of money.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest c rossover film more concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate many different elements apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special effect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably involve different actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film specialize at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high population or modern city scene. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-packaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. Even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their advanced technology to create some imaginary scenes. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to proof these elements are relevant. 2.4 Chapter summary This chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some idea to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primary understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success. Chapter 3 The Crossover films 3.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the global. The films I will be focus on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is Rush Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, rather than in Hong Kong by using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 3.2 Crossover to international à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During the late 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sharing the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial. Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small population and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour. The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mo lei tauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , this term can be referred to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Silly talkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian Invasion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei tau), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian Invasion Episode 2 Part 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shaolin Soccerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictures impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and wanted to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to put too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China. In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collaboration with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a great improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that impossible become possible. For example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen says because it wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the stereotype martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. Furthermore, the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In the late 1990s Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (David B, P.  117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market. Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including Road Runner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wile E. Coyote and Road Runnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“West side storyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the horror scene à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Shingingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content involve simple plot such as bad character get beat up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film. 3.3 Cultural cross-over movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Even Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. According to producer Terence Chang à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series become at Rank #1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film. I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the American humor.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in Amer ican society. I think that makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (p. 149).These features of both characters become likeable for the western audiences. In Bar fighting scene, Lee says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whats up my Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, character Lee who always wanted help the FBI to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White Character involved small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film. 3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.) Chapter 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which indicate the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicate the future trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling design and data collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue. 4.2 Research processes Primary research: Survey ÃÆ'  Questionnaire by Student/Internet users ÃÆ'  Collect from: Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebook ÃÆ'  Analyze results In primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000: P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from individual by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and respondent are looking for. Then start to think about an appropriate questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be use: Type of questionnaire Cost Length of questionnaire Response rate Street/University/Internet Low Short Medium 4.3 Research Location The questionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet. 4.4 Survey Instrument Development The questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part is about respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sort element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the future crossover film. 4.5 Ethic Issue in Research The protection for the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information is one of the most important thing in the research. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Doing your research projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, According to the Judith Bell (2005: 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right when they carry out a research. 1.) Keep the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I suppose my research will not meet any ethical issue. Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future for the crossover film 5.2 Conclusion Appendix Part -1 Rush Hour Domestic Total Gross: $141,186,864 Distributor: New Line Release Date: September 18, 1998 Genre: Action Comedy Runtime: 1 hrs. 37 min. MPAA Rating: PG-13 Production Budget: $33 million 1998 Date (click to view chart) Rank Weekend Gross % Change Theaters Change / Avg. Gross-to-Date Week # Sep 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"20 1 $33,001,803 2,638 $12,510 $33,001,803 1 Sep 25à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"27 1 $21,202,929 -35.8% 2,643 +5 $8,022 $64,037,138 2 Oct 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"4 3 $14,492,122 -31.7% 2,701 +58 $5,365 $84,014,663 3 Oct 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"11 2 $11,105,465 -23.4% 2,701 $4,111 $98,382,886 4 Oct 16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"18 4 $8,247,411 -25.7% 2,724 +23 $3,027 $109,911,590 5 Oct 23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"25 6 $5,860,347 -28.9% 2,602 -122 $2,252 $117,284,969 6 Oct 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nov 1 6 $3,799,380 -35.2% 2,402 -200 $1,581 $122,428,446 7 Nov 6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8 10 $3,322,424 -12.6% 2,043 -359 $1,626 $127,044,896 8 Nov 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15 11 $1,866,524 -43.8% 1,615 -428 $1,155 $129,829,673 9 Sources from: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htm Part -2 I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could finish this questionnaire. Your honest view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much. (Please tick the appropriate box) Gender à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Male à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Female Age à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 15 ~ 25 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 25 ~ 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 35~ 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 45 ~ above Do you know any of these asian movie stars from below? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jackie Chan à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Bruce Lee à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jet Li à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Stephen Chow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Andy Lau à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Tony Leung à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Other ________________ Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong 5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Daily à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Weekly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Monthly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Occasionally 6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure Do you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films? If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example) Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for love à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No 8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No What sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Kung Fu fighting à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Action movie star à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Local culture à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Comedy Would you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film Chapter 1 Introduction Preface The purpose for this dissertation is to discover what is crossover film and what makes the crossover film a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of chinese language movie. Especially between the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of asian movie in that time. However, the English audiences might consider these martial art film as the crossover film. The English audiences think these martial art film as the crossover probably because these martial art film come with simple plot. The story are quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes are not nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundary when the english audiences watch it. In my research, these martial arts films in the past does not count as the crossover film. I would say the crossover film is relate to several elements which is culture references, co-production, company investment, audiences expectation, marketing, etc. Research background Back to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strHYPERLINK http://cdict.net/q/straightict rule. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(Clara Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Farewell China,1989. P.127: Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probabl y havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen any kind of asian movie before. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“European and North American audiences have never been particularly interested in Asian cinema, Apart from the occasional exotic import and anime.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83) During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong Kong. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Golden Harvest was the top studio, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu comedy actor-filmmaker who would spend the next twenty years as Asias biggest box office drawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.  164à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"165: Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. there was a industry crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and also the illegal copy and download over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success even it was a hard time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research. Chapter 2 What is crossover film? 2.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, I will be discuss how we define crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or action movie during the late 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and early 1900à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. And Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be represent the identity of Hong Kong movie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they know other films that made in Hong Kong? 2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ? The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s originally. And the Chinese people called it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and always use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? characters always appear with sword as the weapon and come with superpower. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I think the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth after the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly disapprove à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to bring action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social culture and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71: Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I believe the martial arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. The Martial arts movies still feature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wuxiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant change in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. I think the first time to allow western audiences to get to know about Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career achievement as well as cultural aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to first enter Hollywood, but also created his own philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enter the Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in 1973. It was also the first time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation change until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star. Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the international road. His first foray into the international market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie took the first Hollywood movie Rush Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"early 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies just the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real definition for crossover film in next paragraph. 2.3 The definition of crossover film In fact, I canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t find any book that mention about the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own understanding to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“crossover filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? on google search engine. I found this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a compare between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up making a lot of money.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest c rossover film more concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate many different elements apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special effect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably involve different actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film specialize at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high population or modern city scene. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-packaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. Even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their advanced technology to create some imaginary scenes. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to proof these elements are relevant. 2.4 Chapter summary This chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some idea to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primary understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success. Chapter 3 The Crossover films 3.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the global. The films I will be focus on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is Rush Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, rather than in Hong Kong by using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 3.2 Crossover to international à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During the late 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sharing the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial. Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small population and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour. The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mo lei tauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , this term can be referred to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Silly talkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian Invasion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei tau), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian Invasion Episode 2 Part 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shaolin Soccerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictures impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and wanted to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to put too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China. In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collaboration with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a great improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that impossible become possible. For example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Kung Fu Hustleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen says because it wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the stereotype martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. Furthermore, the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦In the late 1990s Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (David B, P.  117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market. Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including Road Runner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wile E. Coyote and Road Runnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“West side storyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the horror scene à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Shingingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content involve simple plot such as bad character get beat up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film. 3.3 Cultural cross-over movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Even Stephen Chowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. According to producer Terence Chang à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t accept.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series become at Rank #1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film. I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the American humor.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in Amer ican society. I think that makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (p. 149).These features of both characters become likeable for the western audiences. In Bar fighting scene, Lee says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Whats up my Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand the wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?Niggerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rush Hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, character Lee who always wanted help the FBI to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White Character involved small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film. 3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.) Chapter 4 Research Methodology 4.1 Chapter introduction The purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which indicate the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicate the future trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling design and data collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue. 4.2 Research processes Primary research: Survey ÃÆ'  Questionnaire by Student/Internet users ÃÆ'  Collect from: Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebook ÃÆ'  Analyze results In primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000: P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from individual by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and respondent are looking for. Then start to think about an appropriate questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be use: Type of questionnaire Cost Length of questionnaire Response rate Street/University/Internet Low Short Medium 4.3 Research Location The questionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet. 4.4 Survey Instrument Development The questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part is about respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sort element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the future crossover film. 4.5 Ethic Issue in Research The protection for the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information is one of the most important thing in the research. In à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Doing your research projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, According to the Judith Bell (2005: 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right when they carry out a research. 1.) Keep the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I suppose my research will not meet any ethical issue. Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 The future for the crossover film 5.2 Conclusion Appendix Part -1 Rush Hour Domestic Total Gross: $141,186,864 Distributor: New Line Release Date: September 18, 1998 Genre: Action Comedy Runtime: 1 hrs. 37 min. MPAA Rating: PG-13 Production Budget: $33 million 1998 Date (click to view chart) Rank Weekend Gross % Change Theaters Change / Avg. Gross-to-Date Week # Sep 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"20 1 $33,001,803 2,638 $12,510 $33,001,803 1 Sep 25à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"27 1 $21,202,929 -35.8% 2,643 +5 $8,022 $64,037,138 2 Oct 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"4 3 $14,492,122 -31.7% 2,701 +58 $5,365 $84,014,663 3 Oct 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"11 2 $11,105,465 -23.4% 2,701 $4,111 $98,382,886 4 Oct 16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"18 4 $8,247,411 -25.7% 2,724 +23 $3,027 $109,911,590 5 Oct 23à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"25 6 $5,860,347 -28.9% 2,602 -122 $2,252 $117,284,969 6 Oct 30à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nov 1 6 $3,799,380 -35.2% 2,402 -200 $1,581 $122,428,446 7 Nov 6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8 10 $3,322,424 -12.6% 2,043 -359 $1,626 $127,044,896 8 Nov 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15 11 $1,866,524 -43.8% 1,615 -428 $1,155 $129,829,673 9 Sources from: http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htm Part -2 I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could finish this questionnaire. Your honest view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much. (Please tick the appropriate box) Gender à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Male à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Female Age à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 15 ~ 25 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 25 ~ 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 35~ 45 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ 45 ~ above Do you know any of these asian movie stars from below? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jackie Chan à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Bruce Lee à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Jet Li à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Stephen Chow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Andy Lau à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Tony Leung à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Other ________________ Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong 5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Daily à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Weekly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Monthly à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Occasionally 6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ Not sure Do you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films? If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example) Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for love à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No 8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡ No What sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Kung Fu fighting à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Action movie star à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Local culture à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Comedy Would you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hong Kong? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Yes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡No